英语语法之名词

三、名词

1、名词可充当的成分

主语：the movie proves brilliant. 这部电影很好看

宾语：I appreciate the actress 我欣赏这个女演员

表语：She keeps a ghost 他一直是一个鬼

同位语：I enjoy the part,the end //作文中任何一个名词的后面，都可以在给他加一个名词，作为他的同位语出现

My girlfriend, a junior from the department of Art, looks handsome

Over fishing , a universal phenomenon throughout the world, has become increasingly grave under modern conditions

2、什么是名词性从句

名词在句子中能够充当的成分，从句都能充当，这就是名词性从句

名词性从句一共包括四类：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句

3、名词性从句的引导词

名词性从句的引导词，是按照从句的类型分的类

一共把引导词分为三类

1. 当从句是陈述句时，陈述句+that，并且That在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意思
2. 当从句是一般疑问句时，加Whether,并且不充当任何成分，意思翻译成是否
3. 当从句是特殊疑问句时，并且英语中所有的从句一定都是陈述句的形式，也就是引导词+主语+谓语

例：她已经离婚了，是显而易见的

That she has got divorced is conspicuous

例：她离婚了吗，是一个秘密

Whether she has got divorced keeps a secret

例：她什么时候离婚的，是一个谜

When she got divorced remains a mystery

例：我正在思考，外星人存在吗

I am wondering whether the alien exist //宾语从句

例：他们为什么离开家乡去西藏是一个谜

Why they left their hometown for Tibet remains a mystery. //主语从句

例：关键是你什么时候有钱啊

The point seems when wealth will be available for you

例：有一天你会发现，事业、亲情、友情都比爱情重要

Someday, one will find that career,kingship and friendship are all more indispensable than romance //宾语从句

4、名词性从句的考点分析

1. 写作

1）主语从句

主语从句的满分表达就是，把主语从句放到句末，加It做形式主语

主语从句的满分句型，可以写在作文中任何一句话的前面，用来拉长句子

显而易见/众所周知:

​ It keeps commom knowledge that

​ It looks beyond dispute that

​ It is universally acknowledged that

​ It has been widely accepted that

​ It keeps my perspective that

例如：关于养宠物这件事件，已经引起了广泛关注了

It has been widely accepted that the subject about raising pets has been brought into the limelight

例如：女人总是对的，是一个常识

It keeps commom knowledge that ladies tend to be right .

2）同位语从句

例： 她丈夫去世的消息传遍了整个村庄

The news that her huaband passed away has been spread the whole village.

例：河南人都是骗子这种想法是错误的

The outlook that individuals from HeNan province tends to be deceivers remains wrong.

例: 温室里的花朵不能经历风雨，这表明我们不能过度溺爱孩子

The evidence that flowers in the greenhouse fail to endure stroms demonstrates that kids never be spoiled.

例：穿自己的鞋不仅方便，而且确保了一点，不用去管别人的感受

Wearing my own shoes proves not only convenient but also ensures a point that the feelings of others can be ignored

2.长难句分析

能够快速的识别各个名词性从句，并且把它们通顺的翻译出来

1）主语从句

如何识别主语从句：只要见到有引导词放在句首，并且从句后没有用,隔开，就决定是主语从句

主语从句从句首开始，到主句的谓语动词之前结束，除此以外，只要见到 It…that 通常也是主语从句

主语从句从that开始，一定到句末结束

练习题
1：It is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily,make distinctions,reason logically,and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems.

显而易见，一个高智商的人是这样一个人：他能够轻易地抓住问题，能够做出辨别，能够逻辑推理，并且还能用口语和数学符号解决问题。

verbal 口语 logically逻辑上的 readily 轻而易举的，容易的

2：For example,it has long been known that total sleep deprivation is 100 percent fatal to rats,yet,upon examination of the dead bodies,the animals look completely normal.

长期以来众所周知，完全的睡眠的剥夺，对老鼠来说是百分百致命的 ,但是通过检查这些尸体，这些动物看起来完全正常

deprivation 剥夺 fatal 致命的 rat 老鼠

例：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

这些预测在多大程度上为的后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。

prediction 预测 validate 证实，验证 interpreted 诠释说明

2）宾语从句

如何识别：只要实意动词后面有个引导词，就暂定为宾语从句(还可能是状语从句呦)

例：She said that she would marry an old rich man.

例：I wonder if i can pass the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination smoothly.

​ the national postgraduate entrance examination 全国研究生考试

例：You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction(归纳法)and deduction(演绎法),that by the help of these operations,they,in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws,and that out of these , by some special skills of their own,they build up their theories.

我们都多次听说过，科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的，而且从某种意义上说来，他们依靠这种方法力求从自然界归纳某些自然规律，然后根据这些规律和自己的某种非同一般的本领，建立起他们的理论。

3）表语从句

只要系动词后面有引导词，就一定是表语从句

例：Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.

伽里略最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转而不是围绕地球。

telescope 望远镜 heaven 天堂、天空 revolve旋转

4）同位语从句

只要名词后面有个引导词，就暂定为同位语从句（可能性很小）

例：A century ago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears.

一百年前，Freud 解释了他革命性的理论，梦是我们无意识的欲望和恐惧的阴影

formulated 制定、认真阐述、构想 disguise 伪装者 unconscious无意识的

例：But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.

但是，新闻工作者应比普通公民更加透彻地了解法律，这种看法是基于他们对新闻媒体业已确立的规约和特殊责任的理解

convention 风俗、传统