终于把scratch3.0生成代码的部分搞定
前言
在整个scratch3.0的 二次开发中 真的收获满满. 刚开始上手的时候 进入了各大群 或者拼命的去找资源 就是为了完成 scratch3.0 与公司硬件的结合. 不过找了那么多资源 似乎并没有能解决我的需求(要么是要钱,要么是随便零散讲下思路). 其实我挺感谢他们能讲讲思路的 这样我综合起来 通过研究源码 终于搞定了这个项目. 项目并没有 像其他公司 植入后台管理(scratch-www)什么的. 我负责的很简单(其实很难) 就是对接公司内部的硬件. 但是 别小看这些东西. 需要用到的知识点 还是蛮多的. 对于一个对硬件一窍不通的 也对硬件有了 全新的认识. 项目分为两个部分: 一个是在线运行(体验最好) 一个是脱机运行(代码生成 烧录). 接下来 来分享下代码生成这一部分的经验.
思路
其实思路挺简单的, 现在很多博客或者资料都有说到. scratch3.0这个项目 积木的模块是 是基于 scratch-blocks这个子项目的,那么我们就要去研究scratch-blocks这个项目. 经过了解.它是 基于google的blockly的其中一个分支来做二次开发的. 而blockly原生是支持生成代码这个功能的. 但是scratch-blocks却把这个功能去掉了(尴尬). 那怎么办? 其实很简单 去掉了 捡回来就可以了.
方法一: 进到 scratch-blocks的github仓库(https://github/LLK/scratch-blocks) 查看历史, 你会发现官方去掉了 generators(代码生成器的部分), 你把他加回来. 编译就可以了.方法一有个弊端就是. 你虽然加回来了. 但是怎么生成. 你会懵掉的
方法二(推荐): 通过研究 blockly (https://github/google/blockly) 源码来再改scratch-blocks. 这个方法虽然效率有点低,但是这样可以让你更好的理解这个过程. 把源码 down下来 结合官方文档会很快的上手(https://developers.google/blockly/guides/configure/web/code-generators) 甚至你可以直接在 源码的 test 文件里面看到如何生成代码简单演示. 然后 其实scratch-blocks 并没有把生成代码的接口去掉 只是去掉了 生成具体代码的 生成器, 也就是 blockly里面的 generators这个文件的东西 然后就是改了 积木块的名字 所以我们要做的 就是恢复他 然后编译.
具体我们要做的:
假如我们要生成的 arduino&python 代码,接下来我以arduino为例
1. 我们需要下载scratch-blocks项目源码 与 blockly项目源码
2. 根据 blockly的目录结构 在scratch-blocks 新建回 gennerators目录 并按照 blockly里的gennerators里的 python 为例新建arduino的代码生成器
例子: 新建 arduino.js
'use strict';
// 前面的按照 blockly的方式创建就行了
goog.provide('Blockly.Arduino');
goog.require('Blockly.Generator');
Blockly.Arduino = new Blockly.Generator('Arduino');
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_ATOMIC = 0; // 0 "" ...
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_MEMBER = 1; // . []
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_FUNCTION_CALL = 2; // ()
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_INCREMENT = 3; // ++
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_DECREMENT = 3; // --
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_BITWISE_NOT = 4.1; // ~
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_UNARY_PLUS = 4.2; // +
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_UNARY_NEGATION = 4.3; // -
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_LOGICAL_NOT = 4.4; // !
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_SIZEOF = 4.5; // sizeof
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_NEW = 4.6; // new
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_DELETE = 4.7; // delete
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_DIVISION = 5.1; // /
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_MULTIPLICATION = 5.2; // *
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_MODULUS = 5.3; // %
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_SUBTRACTION = 6.1; // -
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_ADDITION = 6.2; // +
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_BITWISE_SHIFT = 7; // << >> >>>
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_RELATIONAL = 8; // < <= > >=
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_EQUALITY = 9; // == != === !==
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_BITWISE_AND = 10; // &
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_BITWISE_XOR = 11; // ^
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_BITWISE_OR = 12; // |
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_LOGICAL_AND = 13; // &&
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_LOGICAL_OR = 14; // ||
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_CONDITIONAL = 15; // ?:
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_ASSIGNMENT = 16; // = += -= *= /= %= <<= >>= ...
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_COMMA = 17; // ,
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_NONE = 99; // (...)
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_OVERRIDES = [
[Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_FUNCTION_CALL, Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_MEMBER],
[Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_FUNCTION_CALL, Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_FUNCTION_CALL],
[Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_MEMBER, Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_MEMBER],
[Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_MEMBER, Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_FUNCTION_CALL],
[Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_LOGICAL_NOT, Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_LOGICAL_NOT],
[Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_MULTIPLICATION, Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_MULTIPLICATION],
[Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_ADDITION, Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_ADDITION],
[Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_LOGICAL_AND, Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_LOGICAL_AND],
[Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_LOGICAL_OR, Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_LOGICAL_OR]
];
Blockly.Arduino.init = function(workspace) {
Blockly.Arduino.definitions_ = Object.create(null);
Blockly.Arduino.variables_ = Object.create(null);
Blockly.Arduino.functions_ = Object.create(null);
Blockly.Arduino.setups_ = Object.create(null);
};
Blockly.Arduino.finish = function(code) {
var imports = [];
var definitions = [];
for (var name in Blockly.Arduino.definitions_) {
var def = Blockly.Arduino.definitions_[name];
if (def.match(/^#include/)) {
imports.push(def);
} else {
definitions.push(def);
}
}
var variables = [];
for (var name in Blockly.Arduino.variables_) {
variables.push(Blockly.Arduino.variables_[name]);
}
var functions = [];
for (var name in Blockly.Arduino.functions_) {
functions.push(Blockly.Arduino.functions_[name]);
}
var setups = [];
for (var name in Blockly.Arduino.setups_) {
setups.push(Blockly.Arduino.setups_[name]);
}
delete Blockly.Arduino.definitions_;
delete Blockly.Arduino.variables_;
delete Blockly.Arduino.functions_;
delete Blockly.Arduino.setups_;
var allCodes =
imports.join('\n') +
'\n\n' +
definitions.join('\n') +
'\n' +
variables.join('\n') +
'\n' +
functions.join('\n') +
'\n' +
'void setup() {\n' +
setups.join('\n') +
'\n}\n\n' +
'void loop() {\n' +
code +
'\n}\n\n';
return allCodes.replace(/\n\n+/g, '\n\n').replace(/\n*$/, '\n\n\n');
};
Blockly.Arduino.scrubNakedValue = function(line) {
return line + ';\n';
};
Blockly.Arduino.quote_ = function(string) {
// Can't use goog.string.quote since % must also be escaped.
string = string.replace(/\\/g, '\\\\').replace(/\n/g, '\\\n');
// Follow the CPython behaviour of repr() for a non-byte string.
var quote = "'";
if (string.indexOf("'") !== -1) {
if (string.indexOf('"') === -1) {
quote = '"';
} else {
string = string.replace(/'/g, "\\'");
}
}
return quote + string + quote;
};
Blockly.Arduino.scrub_ = function(block, code) {
var commentCode = '';
if (!block.outputConnection || !block.outputConnection.targetConnection) {
var comment = block.getCommentText();
comment = Blockly.utils.wrap(comment, Blockly.Arduino.COMMENT_WRAP - 3);
if (comment) {
if (block.getProcedureDef) {
commentCode += '/**\n' + Blockly.Arduino.prefixLines(comment + '\n', ' * ') + ' */\n';
} else {
commentCode += Blockly.Arduino.prefixLines(comment + '\n', '// ');
}
}
for (var i = 0; i < block.inputList.length; i++) {
if (block.inputList[i].type == Blockly.INPUT_VALUE) {
var childBlock = block.inputList[i].connection.targetBlock();
if (childBlock) {
var comment = Blockly.Arduino.allNestedComments(childBlock);
if (comment) {
commentCode += Blockly.Arduino.prefixLines(comment, '// ');
}
}
}
}
}
var nextBlock = block.nextConnection && block.nextConnection.targetBlock();
var nextCode = Blockly.Arduino.blockToCode(nextBlock);
return commentCode + code + nextCode;
};
Blockly.Arduino.base_setup = function () {
var branch = Blockly.Arduino.statementToCode(this, 'DO');
branch = branch.replace(/(^\s*)|(\s*$)/g, "");//去除两端空格
if (branch) {
Blockly.Arduino.setups_['setup_setup'] = branch;
}
return '';
};
// 如果 那么
Blockly.Arduino["control_if"] = function () {
var n = 0;
var argument = Blockly.Arduino.valueToCode(this, 'IF' + n,
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_NONE) || 'false';
var branch = Blockly.Arduino.statementToCode(this, 'SUBSTACK');
console.log("statementToCode", Blockly.Arduino.statementToCode);
console.log(branch);
var code = 'if (' + argument + ') {\n' + branch + '\n}';
for (n = 1; n <= this.elseifCount_; n++) {
argument = Blockly.Arduino.valueToCode(this, 'IF' + n,
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_NONE) || 'false';
branch = Blockly.Arduino.statementToCode(this, 'DO' + n);
code += ' else if (' + argument + ') {\n' + branch + '}';
}
if (this.elseCount_) {
branch = Blockly.Arduino.statementToCode(this, 'ELSE');
code += ' else {\n' + branch + '\n}';
}
return code + '\n';
};
// 重复循环
Blockly.Arduino["control_forever"] = function () {
var logic = Blockly.Arduino.valueToCode(this, 'logic',
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_NONE) || 'false';
var branch = Blockly.Arduino.statementToCode(this, 'SUBSTACK');
var code = '';
code += 'while(!(' + logic + ')) {\n';
code += branch + '\n';
code += '}\n';
return code;
};
Blockly.Arduino.controls_switch_case = function () {
var n = 0;
var argument = Blockly.Arduino.valueToCode(this, 'IF' + n,
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_NONE) || 'NULL';
var branch = '';
var code = 'switch (' + argument + ') {\n';
for (n = 1; n <= this.elseifCount_; n++) {
argument = Blockly.Arduino.valueToCode(this, 'IF' + n,
Blockly.Arduino.ORDER_NONE) || 'NULL';
branch = Blockly.Arduino.statementToCode(this, 'DO' + n);
code += ' case ' + argument + ': \n' + branch + ' break;\n';
}
if (this.elseCount_) {
branch = Blockly.Arduino.statementToCode(this, 'ELSE');
code += ' default:\n' + branch + ' break;\n';
}
code += '}';
return code + '\n';
};
里面包含了 初始化 优先级 以及 条件块 循环块的 的定义. 可以自行研究 可以结合 blockly里的 生成 python的生成器来改成你想要生成的代码类型
3. 修改 根目录的 build.py 文件
// 在这个方法
def run(self):
self.gen_core(True)
self.gen_core(False)
self.gen_blocks("horizontal")
self.gen_blocks("vertical")
self.gen_blocks("common")
// 新增
self.gen_generator("arduino")
self.gen_generator("python")
然后我们就可以 npm run prepublish 就可以编译了.
听说在 win的机器上 编译会出错. 我的是在mac上操作的 没有遇到什么问题. 不过看了官方库好像解决了这个问题. 不行的话 可以私信我 或者找一些博客 有写到的.
如果不想编译就想看到效果 , 那么参考 blockly项目下的 tests/playground.html 我们把里面的生成代码方法 搬到 scratch-blocks项目下的 tests/vertical_playground.html 然后直接在浏览器上看效果. 然后里面涉及到几个方法 待会在介绍.
如下
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" />
<title>Vertical Playground</title>
<script src="../blockly_uncompressed_vertical.js"></script>
<script src="../msg/messages.js"></script>
<script src="../msg/scratch_msgs.js"></script>
<script src="../blocks_vertical/vertical_extensions.js"></script>
<script src="../blocks_common/math.js"></script>
<script src="../blocks_common/matrix.js"></script>
<script src="../blocks_common/note.js"></script>
<script src="../blocks_common/text.js"></script>
<script src="../blocks_common/colour.js"></script>
<script src="../blocks_vertical/control.js"></script>
<script src="../blocks_vertical/event.js"></script>
<script src="../blocks_vertical/motion.js"></script>
<script src="../blocks_vertical/looks.js"></script>
<script src="../blocks_vertical/procedures.js"></script>
<script src="../blocks_vertical/operators.js"></script>
<script src="../blocks_vertical/sound.js"></script>
<script src="../blocks_vertical/sensing.js"></script>
<script src="../blocks_vertical/data.js"></script>
<script src="../blocks_vertical/extensions.js"></script>
<script src="../blocks_vertical/default_toolbox.js"></script>
<script src="../blocks_vertical/more.js"></script>
<script src="../blocks_vertical/more_toolbox.js"></script>
// 这两个是自定义了 自己的积木块 你没有定义可以去掉
<script src="../blocks_vertical/uno.js"></script>
<script src="../blocks_vertical/uno_toolbox.js"></script>
// 这里引入的是 刚开始新建的 arduino.js文件和恢复的python.js文件
<script src="../generators/python.js"></script>
<script src="../generators/python/more.js"></script>
<script src="../generators/arduino.js"></script>
<script src="../generators/python/logic.js"></script>
<script src="../generators/Aduino/control.js"></script>
<script>
'use strict';
var workspace = null;
function start() {
var soundsEnabled = null;
if (sessionStorage) {
// Restore sounds state.
soundsEnabled = sessionStorage.getItem('soundsEnabled');
if (soundsEnabled === null) {
soundsEnabled = true;
} else {
soundsEnabled = (soundsEnabled === 'true');
}
} else {
soundsEnabled = true;
}
setSoundsEnabled(soundsEnabled);
// Setup blocks
// Parse the URL arguments.
var match = location.search.match(/dir=([^&]+)/);
var rtl = match && match[1] == 'rtl';
document.forms.options.elements.dir.selectedIndex = Number(rtl);
var toolbox = getToolboxElement();
document.forms.options.elements.toolbox.selectedIndex =
toolbox ? 1 : 0;
match = location.search.match(/side=([^&]+)/);
var side = match ? match[1] : 'start';
document.forms.options.elements.side.value = side;
match = location.search.match(/locale=([^&]+)/);
var locale = match ? match[1] : 'zh-cn';
Blockly.ScratchMsgs.setLocale(locale);
document.forms.options.elements.locale.value = locale;
// Create main workspace.
workspace = Blockly.inject('blocklyDiv', {
comments: true,
disable: false,
collapse: false,
media: '../media/',
readOnly: false,
rtl: rtl,
scrollbars: true,
toolbox: toolbox,
toolboxPosition: side == 'top' || side == 'start' ? 'start' : 'end',
horizontalLayout: side == 'top' || side == 'bottom',
sounds: soundsEnabled,
zoom: {
controls: true,
wheel: true,
startScale: 0.675,
maxScale: 4,
minScale: 0.25,
scaleSpeed: 1.1
},
colours: {
fieldShadow: 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3)',
dragShadowOpacity: 0.6
}
});
if (sessionStorage) {
// Restore previously displayed text.
var text = sessionStorage.getItem('textarea');
if (text) {
document.getElementById('importExport').value = text;
}
taChange();
}
if (sessionStorage) {
// Restore event logging state.
var state = sessionStorage.getItem('logEvents');
logEvents(Boolean(state));
// Restore flyout event logging state.
state = sessionStorage.getItem('logFlyoutEvents');
logFlyoutEvents(Boolean(state));
}
}
function getToolboxElement() {
var match = location.search.match(/toolbox=([^&]+)/);
return document.getElementById('toolbox-' + (match ? match[1] : 'categories'));
}
function toXml() {
var output = document.getElementById('importExport');
var xml = Blockly.Xml.workspaceToDom(workspace);
output.value = Blockly.Xml.domToPrettyText(xml);
output.focus();
output.select();
taChange();
}
function fromXml() {
var input = document.getElementById('importExport');
var xml = Blockly.Xml.textToDom(input.value);
Blockly.Xml.domToWorkspace(xml, workspace);
taChange();
}
// 生成代码的方法
function toCode(lang) {
var output = document.getElementById('importExport');
output.value = Blockly[lang].workspaceToCode(workspace);
// console.log(Blockly[lang].workspaceToCode(workspace))
taChange();
}
// Disable the "Import from XML" button if the XML is invalid.
// Preserve text between page reloads.
function taChange() {
var textarea = document.getElementById('importExport');
if (sessionStorage) {
sessionStorage.setItem('textarea', textarea.value)
}
var valid = true;
try {
Blockly.Xml.textToDom(textarea.value);
} catch (e) {
valid = false;
}
document.getElementById('import').disabled = !valid;
}
function logEvents(state) {
var checkbox = document.getElementById('logCheck');
checkbox.checked = state;
if (sessionStorage) {
sessionStorage.setItem('logEvents', state ? 'checked' : '');
}
if (state) {
workspace.addChangeListener(logger);
} else {
workspace.removeChangeListener(logger);
}
}
function logFlyoutEvents(state) {
var checkbox = document.getElementById('logFlyoutCheck');
checkbox.checked = state;
var soundsEnabled = null;
if (sessionStorage) {
sessionStorage.setItem('logFlyoutEvents', state ? 'checked' : '');
}
var flyoutWorkspace = (workspace.flyout_) ? workspace.flyout_.workspace_ :
workspace.toolbox_.flyout_.workspace_;
if (state) {
flyoutWorkspace.addChangeListener(logger);
} else {
flyoutWorkspace.removeChangeListener(logger);
}
}
function logger(e) {
console.log(e);
}
function glowBlock() {
if (Blockly.selected) {
workspace.glowBlock(Blockly.selected.id, true);
}
}
function unglowBlock() {
if (Blockly.selected) {
workspace.glowBlock(Blockly.selected.id, false);
}
}
function glowStack() {
if (Blockly.selected) {
workspace.glowStack(Blockly.selected.id, true);
}
}
function unglowStack() {
if (Blockly.selected) {
workspace.glowStack(Blockly.selected.id, false);
}
}
function sprinkles(n) {
var prototypes = [];
var toolbox = workspace.options.languageTree;
if (!toolbox) {
console.error('Toolbox not found; add a toolbox element to the DOM.');
return;
}
var blocks = toolbox.getElementsByTagName('block');
for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {
var blockXML = blocks[Math.floor(Math.random() * blocks.length)];
var block = Blockly.Xml.domToBlock(blockXML, workspace);
block.initSvg();
block.moveBy(
Math.round(Math.random() * 450 + 40),
Math.round(Math.random() * 600 + 40)
);
}
}
var equalsXml = [
' <shadow type="operator_equals">',
' <value name="OPERAND1">',
' <shadow type="text">',
' <field name="TEXT">foo</field>',
' </shadow>',
' </value>',
' <value name="OPERAND2">',
' <shadow type="operator_equals"></shadow>',
' </value>',
' </shadow>'
].join('\n');
var spaghettiXml = [
' <block type="control_if_else">',
' <value name="CONDITION">',
' <shadow type="operator_equals"></shadow>',
' </value>',
' <statement name="SUBSTACK"></statement>',
' <statement name="SUBSTACK2"></statement>',
' <next></next>',
' </block>'
].join('\n');
function spaghetti(n) {
console.log("Starting spaghetti. This may take some time...");
var xml = spaghettiXml;
// Nest if/else statements deeply.
for (var i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++) {
xml = xml.replace(/(<statement name="SUBSTACK2?"?>)<\//g,
'$1' + spaghettiXml + '</');
}
// Stack a bit.
for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {
xml = xml.replace(/(<next>)<\//g,
'$1' + spaghettiXml + '</');
}
// Nest boolean comparisons.
var equalsBlock = equalsXml;
for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {
equalsBlock = equalsBlock.replace(
/(<shadow( type="operator_equals")?>)<\/shadow>/g, equalsXml);
}
// Put the nested boolean comparisons into if/else statements.
xml = xml.replace(/(<shadow( type="operator_equals")?>)<\/shadow>/g,
equalsBlock);
xml = '<xml xmlns="http://www.w3/1999/xhtml">' + xml + '</xml>';
var dom = Blockly.Xml.textToDom(xml);
console.time('Spaghetti domToWorkspace');
Blockly.Xml.domToWorkspace(dom, workspace);
console.timeEnd('Spaghetti domToWorkspace');
}
function setSoundsEnabled(state) {
var checkbox = document.getElementById('soundsEnabled');
checkbox.checked = (state) ? 'checked' : '';
if (sessionStorage) {
sessionStorage.setItem('soundsEnabled', state);
}
}
function reportDemo() {
if (Blockly.selected) {
workspace.reportValue(
Blockly.selected.id,
document.getElementById('reportValue').value
);
}
}
function setLocale(locale) {
workspace.getFlyout().setRecyclingEnabled(false);
var xml = Blockly.Xml.workspaceToDom(workspace);
Blockly.ScratchMsgs.setLocale(locale);
Blockly.Xml.clearWorkspaceAndLoadFromXml(xml, workspace);
workspace.getFlyout().setRecyclingEnabled(true);
}
function toggleToolbox(id) {
id = id || 'more';
var toolbox = Blockly.Blocks[id + 'Toolbox'];
workspace.updateToolbox(toolbox);
}
</script>
<style>
html,
body {
height: 100%;
}
body {
background-color: #fff;
font-family: sans-serif;
overflow: hidden;
}
h1 {
font-weight: normal;
font-size: 140%;
}
#blocklyDiv {
float: left;
height: 95%;
width: 70%;
}
#collaborators {
float: right;
width: 30px;
margin-left: 10px;
}
#collaborators>img {
margin-right: 5px;
height: 30px;
padding-bottom: 5px;
width: 30px;
border-radius: 3px;
}
#importExport {
font-family: monospace;
}
</style>
</head>
<body onload="start()">
<div id="collaborators"></div>
<div id="blocklyDiv"></div>
<!-- Simple toolbox -->
<xml id="toolbox-simple" style="display: none">
<block type="operator_random">
<value name="FROM">
<shadow type="math_number">
<field name="NUM">1</field>
</shadow>
</value>
<value name="TO">
<shadow type="math_number">
<field name="NUM">10</field>
</shadow>
</value>
</block>
<block type="operator_lt">
<value name="OPERAND1">
<shadow type="text">
<field name="TEXT"></field>
</shadow>
</value>
<value name="OPERAND2">
<shadow type="text">
<field name="TEXT"></field>
</shadow>
</value>
</block>
<block type="operator_equals">
<value name="OPERAND1">
<shadow type="text">
<field name="TEXT"></field>
</shadow>
</value>
<value name="OPERAND2">
<shadow type="text">
<field name="TEXT"></field>
</shadow>
</value>
</block>
<block type="operator_gt">
<value name="OPERAND1">
<shadow type="text">
<field name="TEXT"></field>
</shadow>
</value>
<value name="OPERAND2">
<shadow type="text">
<field name="TEXT"></field>
</shadow>
</value>
</block>
<block type="operator_and"></block>
<block type="operator_or"></block>
<block type="operator_not"></block>
<block type="operator_join">
<value name="STRING1">
<shadow type="text">
<field name="TEXT">hello</field>
</shadow>
</value>
<value name="STRING2">
<shadow type="text">
<field name="TEXT">world</field>
</shadow>
</value>
</block>
<block type="operator_letter_of">
<value name="LETTER">
<shadow type="math_whole_number">
<field name="NUM">1</field>
</shadow>
</value>
<value name="STRING">
<shadow type="text">
<field name="TEXT">world</field>
</shadow>
</value>
</block>
<block type="operator_length">
<value name="STRING">
<shadow type="text">
<field name="TEXT">world</field>
</shadow>
</value>
</block>
<block type="operator_mod">
<value name="NUM1">
<shadow type="math_number">
<field name="NUM"></field>
</shadow>
</value>
<value name="NUM2">
<shadow type="math_number">
<field name="NUM"></field>
</shadow>
</value>
</block>
<block type="operator_round">
<value name="NUM">
<shadow type="math_number">
<field name="NUM"></field>
</shadow>
</value>
</block>
<block type="operator_mathop">
<value name="OPERATOR">
<shadow type="operator_mathop_menu"></shadow>
</value>
<value name="NUM">
<shadow type="math_number">
<field name="NUM"></field>
</shadow>
</value>
</block>
</xml>
<!-- Sidebar -->
<h1>Vertical Blocks</h1>
<p>
<a href="javascript:void(workspace.setVisible(true))">Show</a>
- <a href="javascript:void(workspace.setVisible(false))">Hide</a>
</p>
<form id="options">
<!-- 整个blocks 左 右 布局 -->
<select name="dir" onchange="document.forms.options.submit()">
<!-- 左 -->
<option value="ltr">LTR</option>
<!-- 右 -->
<option value="rtl">RTL</option>
</select>
<!-- 切换分类 -->
<select name="toolbox" onchange="document.forms.options.submit()">
<!-- 类别 -->
<option value="categories">Categories</option>
<!-- 简单的 -->
<option value="simple">Simple</option>
</select>
<!-- 布局方式 -->
<select name="side" onchange="document.forms.options.submit()">
<!-- 默认 -->
<option value="start">Start</option>
<!-- 左右相反 -->
<option value="end">End</option>
<!-- 上 -->
<option value="top">Top</option>
<!-- 下 -->
<option value="bottom">Bottom</option>
</select>
<!-- 语言 -->
<select name="locale" onchange="setLocale(this.value)">
<option value="zh-cn">Chinese (China)</option>
<option value="en">English</option>
<option value="ca">Catalan</option>
<option value="cs">Czech</option>
<option value="da">Danish</option>
<option value="nl">Dutch</option>
<option value="fi">Finnish</option>
<option value="fr">French</option>
<option value="de">German</option>
<option value="el">Greek</option>
<option value="he">Hebrew</option>
<option value="hu">Hungarian</option>
<option value="id">Indonesian</option>
<option value="ga">Irish Gaelic</option>
<option value="it">Italian</option>
<option value="ja">Japanese</option>
<option value="ja-Hira">Japanese(Hira)</option>
<option value="mi">Maori</option>
<option value="nb">Norwegian (Bokmal)</option>
<option value="pt">Portuguese</option>
<option value="pt-br">Portuguese (Brazil)</option>
<option value="gd">Scottish Gaelic</option>
<option value="sr">Serbian</option>
<option value="sl">Slovenian</option>
<option value="es">Spanish</option>
<option value="es-419">Spanish (Latin America)</option>
<option value="sv">Swedish</option>
<option value="tr">Turkish</option>
<option value="uk">Ukranian</option>
<option value="vi">Vietnamese</option>
<option value="cy">Welsh</option>
<option value="zh-tw">Chinese (TW)</option>
</select>
</form>
<!-- 更新代码 -->
<p>
<input type="button" value="Export to XML" onclick="toXml()">
<input type="button" value="Import from XML" onclick="fromXml()" id="import">
<br>
<input type="button" value="To Arduino" onclick="toCode('Arduino')">
<input type="button" value="To Python" onclick="toCode('Python')">
<br>
<textarea id="importExport" style="width: 26%; height: 12em" onchange="taChange();" onkeyup="taChange()"></textarea>
</p>
<hr>
<!-- 日子报告 -->
<p>
Log events:
<input type="checkbox" onclick="logEvents(this.checked)" id="logCheck">
</p>
<!-- 批量积木块测试 -->
<p>
Stress test:
<input type="button" value="Sprinkles!" onclick="sprinkles(100)">
<input type="button" value="Spaghetti!" onclick="spaghetti(3)">
</p>
<!-- 积木块发光测试 -->
<p>
Glows:
<input type="button" value="Glow last clicked block" onclick="glowBlock()" />
<input type="button" value="Unglow last clicked block" onclick="unglowBlock()" />
<input type="button" value="Stack glow last clicked block" onclick="glowStack()" />
<input type="button" value="Stack unglow last clicked block" onclick="unglowStack()" />
</p>
<!-- 布局 日志 打印 -->
<p>
Log flyout events:
<input type="checkbox" onclick="logFlyoutEvents(this.checked)" id="logFlyoutCheck">
</p>
<!-- 调整声音 -->
<p>
Enable sounds (after refresh):
<input type="checkbox" onclick="setSoundsEnabled(this.checked)" id="soundsEnabled">
</p>
<!-- 撤销 还原 类似 ctrl z -->
<p>
<input type="button" value="Undo" onclick="workspace.undo()" />
<input type="button" value="Redo" onclick="workspace.undo(true)" />
</p>
<!-- 报告 积木提示报告 -->
<p>
Report:
<input id="reportValue" type="text" value="123" />
<input type="button" value="Report last clicked block" onclick="reportDemo()" />
</p>
<!-- 切换积木 -->
<p>
<input type="button" value="default" onclick="toggleToolbox('default')" />
<input type="button" value="peripheral" onclick="toggleToolbox()" />
// 这里是切换成自己定义的积木块 你没有定义可以去掉
<input type="button" value="uno" onclick="toggleToolbox('uno')" />
</p>
</body>
</html>
3. 以上都可以了 就开始要搭建scratch3.0 工程目录了 在scratch-blocks 同级目录下 clone scratch-gui (https://github/LLK/scratch-gui) 与 scratch-vm (https://github/LLK/scratch-vm)项目 并且让scratch-gui link 到 vm 和blocks上 ,具体参考官方文档.
4. 环境搭建好了 我们怎么把积木生成的代码 渲染到gui上呢, 参考 第二部后面的修改vertical_playground.html 的代码 无非就是 这一步需要用react的方式来做了
4.1 首先需要写好 展示代码组件(codeComponent) 并且通过按钮的方式 让它展示到gui页面上的 任何一个你喜欢的位置上 这个可以自己写 也可以用别人写好的 例如 codemirror
4.2 定义一个code reducer 并把初始数据 绑定到 codeComponent (这里涉及到组件的通信 用的是 redux 如果你有更好的方案可以用其他的)
4.3 在containers/blocks组件里面 定义好 生成代码的方法, 也就是用react的方式 完成vertical_playground.html 里面完成的哪一步
然后把获取到生成的代码 更新到 code reducer里面 让她自动更新到 codeComponent (这一步 其实就是 redux的操作 不会的 建议先学一下 redux)
好了这个时候 你应该是 脑子: 会了. 手: 你会个屁. 哈哈哈~~~
其实你已经知道大体思路了 就是 上面的代码 有一些方法 你不知道怎么回事而已, 接下来 就是介绍那些方法了
方法介绍
有兴趣追源码的 你就会发现 scratch-blocks/core/generator.js 源码 与 blockly/core/generator.js 其实差不多 就是改了一些写法.
获取值参数的方式 有三个
Blockly.Arduino.valueToCode 用来获取 input_value 大概是积木里
block.getFieldValue 用来获取 input_statement
Blockly.Arduino.statementToCode 用来获取 field_* 获取 积木 里面的积木
Blockly[lang].workspaceToCode(workspace); 而这个则是获取生成的代码具体字符串 你可以 console.log 到控制台查看.
this.workspace.addChangeListener(toCode); 这个是实时更新代码的方法
哈哈说到这里 你应该初步知道 如何生成scratch-blocks原生自带的积木的代码了 . 那么接下来 我要生成自己的积木块 并且生成自己的代码 那该如何操作呢
自定义积木
参考: scratch-blocks/blocks_vertical 目录下的原生的定义方式 这里我截取 if条件 积木块为例
// 将 control_if 添加到 ScratchBlocks.Blocks 对象中,这个对象包含了所有积木的定义
Blockly.Blocks['control_if'] = {
/**
* Block for if-then.
* @this Blockly.Block
*/
// 积木初始化时调用的方法
init: function() {
// 积木的 json 配置
this.jsonInit({
"type": "control_if", // 积木标识符 名字
"message0": Blockly.Msg.CONTROL_IF, 积木的文案
"message1": "%1", // Statement ,1% 是参数占位符,和 args0 数组中参数对应
// 积木的参数,必须是数组,可以为空数组
"args0": [
{
// 需要在 xml 中指明 shadow block 的 type
"type": "input_value", // 类型 有 input_value field_dropdown ....
"name": "CONDITION", // 名字
"check": "Boolean" // 返回类型
}
],
"args1": [
{
"type": "input_statement",
"name": "SUBSTACK"
}
],
// 积木所属的分类,对应 xml 中 category 标签的 id
"category": Blockly.Categories.control, // 属于类别
// 积木继承项,数组中的字符串是已经定义好的扩展,使用扩展属性可以减少重复的配置
// 可以在 ScratchBlocks.Extensions 对象中查看所有定义的扩展,也可以自己定义扩展。
// colours_control 表示 motion 积木的颜色
// shape_statement 表示积木的形状
"extensions": ["colours_control", "shape_statement"] // 颜色 与积木类型
});
}
};
你需要定义自己的积木的话 直接参考原生的就行
但是 积木的类型又分很多种 我们需要定义成什么类型的 就要根据文档走了
积木块分为几种: shape_hat | shape_statement | shape_end | shape_statement | output_boolean | output_number | output_string
Fields:
-
field_dropdown: 下拉列表
-
field_checkbox: 勾选框
-
field_colour: 颜色
-
field_number: 数字输入
-
field_angle: 角度选择
-
field_variable: 变量
-
field_date: 日期
-
field_label: 标签文本,通常根据 message 直接生成
-
field_image: 图片文本
Inputs:
- input_value:可被相同形状的积木覆盖的参数,根据
"check": "Boolean", "String", "Number"
的不同,形状不同 -
input_statement:可以连接命令类型积木
当然 定义了还要使用的 参考 scratch-blocks/blocks_vertical/default_toolbox.js 或者 scratch-gui/scr/lib/make-toolbox-xml.js
就是定义xml
<category name="%{BKY_CATEGORY_CONTROL}" id="control" colour="#FFAB19" secondaryColour="#CF8B17">
<block type="control_if"/>
</category>
大体就是这么多了 . 有时间 再分享一下 在线运行的的经验...
总结:
果然东西还是太多了 想要说明白 还是比较困难 而且说得也比较混乱. 以前看别人博客的时候 经常都吐槽 看不懂. 现在到自己写的,也是很混乱啊. 希望能对你有帮助吧 有什么不明白的 欢迎私信 留言 有时间我都会回答的.
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终于把scratch3.0生成代码的部分搞定
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