名词性从句

1.名词可以充当的成分：主语，宾语，表语，同位语（可以当做高级的定语从句来使用）

good: fantastic , terrific.

admire: appreciate

1.The movie looks fantastic/terrific.            n词性从句版 ：  what i saw looks terrific

2.I admire his mother.                                                           i admire what his mother said

3.Gump is a man.                                                                Gump is who we should learn from

4.I enjoy the part,the begining.                                             i enjoy the part that a bird is flying in the sky.

 

famous: well-known

同位语： 同样位置   用来解释名词/代词的成分就是同位语。        同位语是写作满分句型

I like Eason,a well-known singer from HK.

I ,an undergraduate from AYNU.

My mother enjoys playing MaJong.

My mother, a typical housewife, enjoys playing MaJong,a kind of Chinese entertainment.

只要在作文中见到名词，都可以有意识的在其后加个同位语，对该名词进行补充说明。

 

坚持很重要    重要  critical

persistence is crucial.      persistence proves crucial.

persistence plays a critical role in the glories of all children and adults.

persistence, a active mentality, plays a critical role in the glories of all children and adults.

 

充当同位语的成分：

1. n
2. 代词    I like the dog,it.
3. 非谓语动词   I like the sport,running.
4. 从句  

 

2.名词性从句：

名词在句子中能够存在的成分，名词性从句都能充当。  主，宾，表，同位语。

1.The movie looks fantastic/terrific.            n词性从句版 ：  what i saw looks terrific

2.I admire his mother.                                                           i admire what his mother said

3.Gump is a man.                                                                Gump is who we should learn from

4.I enjoy the part,the begining.                                             i enjoy the part that a bird is flying in the sky.

3.名词性从句的引导词：

是按照从句的类型来分的类：一共把引导词分为3类。

1.that 当从句是陈述句时。并且that 在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意思。

2.whether  当从句是一般疑问句时。并且whether在从句中也不充当成分，意思是 是否。

3.所有的特殊疑问词 ： 当从句是特殊疑问句时。

只要是后来加上去的，就不在原来的句子中充当成分。

he has got divorced is my fault .                  That he has got divorced is my fault.

has he got divorced is obvious.                   whether  he has  got divorced is obvious.

who will he marry is secret.                         who he will marry is secret.

英语中所有的从句都是陈述句的形式

也就是 引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 的形式 

i am wondering whether aliens exist.

 女人总是对的，这是常识

That ladies are alwayls right  keeps/remains a common knowledge.x

That ladies tend to be right keeps/remains a common knowledge.    x

That ladies are alwayls right  keeps/remains   common knowledge.

That ladies tend to be right keeps/remains   common knowledge.     

我的意思 是 孝敬父母是中华民族的传统美德

my meaning seems that supporting the elder is a Chinese conventional virtue.

有一天，你会发现，事业，亲情，友情都比爱情重要。

one day 过去的 某一天

some day 将来的 某一天

business job work        relative 

someday, one will perceive that career,kinship and friendship prove more indispensable that romaince.

有一天 someday  oneday

你会发现 you will perceive that / one will perceive that

友情 kinship  爱情 romance  成功 glory   重要  crucial significant indispensable

孝敬父母  support the elder

中华民族的传统美德  a Chinese traditional/conventional virtue.

be: seem , prove , keep , remain , look , taste , sound , smell .

总是 always ： tend to be

常识 common knowledge 不可数

alien x   an alien  /  aliens   v

 

作文中尽量不出现be动词

available  

人人都有手机        手机对我们来说是可得到的         The mobile-phone is available for us.

关键是你什么时候有钱。

The key is when you will be rich.

The key seems when wealth will be available for you.

4.名词性从句的考点分析

1.写作满分句型： 主语从句，同位语从句

主语从句的满分句型：   

把主语从句放到句末去，用it来做形式主语。

That ladies tend to be right seems a common knowledge.

it is/seems a common knowledge that ladies tend to be right.

显然的 

it 's apparent that....

it has been universally accepted that...

it has been widely acknowledged that...

it looks beyond dispute that.....

it becomes my point that...

it keeps my argument that..

众所周知，关于勤奋问题的讨论已经引起了广泛的关注

it seems beyond dispute that the issue about diligence has been brought into the limelight.

argument n 观点 争论     persistence n坚持              diligence n勤奋

已经引起广泛的关注  has been brought into the limelight.

apparent           tend to    

available  adj  可得到的      

issue  n 问题，话题（公众关注的热门话题）  affair n 事情（风花雪月的事）    matter

parents      family    superior                        happy  rejoice

 

他成功的找到了女朋友，这件事情使他的家人很开心。

The matter that he managed to find a girlfriend makes his superiors rejoiced.

同位语从句既可以放在它所解释的名词后，也可以放到整句话的后面。做长难句分析的时候它可能放在一句话的后面，但是自己写作文的时候还是放在对应的n后。

没有什么能够掩盖她正在变老这个事实。

Nothing can hide the fact/truth that she is getting old.

idea opinion  argument  outlook

河南人都是骗子这个观点是错误的。

The outlook proves wrong that private individuals in HN seem all deceivers.

 

温室里的花朵不能经历风雨，这个事实表明父母不应该溺爱孩子

the evidence that flowers in the greenhouse fail to undergo storms indicates that kids should by no means be spoiled by their senior citizens.

parents  superiors  senior citizens        

truth fact evidence                                   fail to do 不能做某事   manage to do 成功做某事      suffer  undergo 经受

not  ==  by no means 

2.名词性从句的考点分析之长难句分析

目标：能够识别各个名词性从句并且把它们通顺的翻译出来。

如何识别主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句

主语从句

• 只要见到有引导词放在句首，且没有被逗号隔开，就一定是主语从句。    被逗号隔开的是状语从句。
• 主语从句从句首开始，到主句的谓语动词结束。
• 在分析长难句的时候见到 it...that 也通常都是主语从句。从that 开始 到 结束。

Wheter the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

Wheter the Government should  at the expense of technology or vice versa     increase the financing of pure science     often depends on                     the issue                             of which is seen as the driving force.

 

How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

 

How well the predictions will be validated by later performance

depends upon

the amount, reliability, and appropriateness

of the information used         and    (depends)     on the skill and wisdom        with   which it is interpreted.

It is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily , make distinctions ,reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems.

For example,it has long been known that total sleep deprivation is 100 percent fatal to rats ,  yet , upon examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal.

长期以来众所周知

deprive v剥夺

Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

Furthermore, it is obvious that      the strength ( of a country's economy )          is      (directly)    bound up with                the efficiency   (of its agriculture and industry)  , and that       this in turn rests upon the efforts (of scientists and technologists)    ( of all kinds ) .

directly adv            be bound up with                 

宾语从句：

主语一定是动作（谓语动词）的发出者，宾语一定是动作的承受者。

如何识别宾语从句：只要实意动词后面有个引导词就暂定为宾语从句（状语从句还没有酱油）

he died when he saw me.

She said (that) she would marry an old rich man.

主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句的 that 虽然都不从当句子的具体的成分，但是都不能省略，宾语从句的 that 是 可以省略的。

I wonder if I can pass the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination smoothly.

if可以且只能充当宾语从句的引导词 whether 可充当 主语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句，表语从句的引导词

This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in.A fact underlined by statistics shows that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.

Tis alone demonstrates       that  the television business  is  not an easy world   to survivie in.

A fact (underlined by statistics)       shows           that 

out of eighty European television networks             no less than 50%                     took a loss  in 1989 .

alone adj/v 单独的 仅仅的              demon n恶魔    demonstrate v展示    underline n下划线  v 强调   

statistic n 数据      out of  在...之外   在....之内

He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence , and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning  and in his own observations.

正是这个困难

in doing sth 在...的过程中    compensate v补偿       intent adj认真的  intently adv 认真地    reason v推理 

He believes   

that       this very difficulty                    may have had                  the compensating advantage（ of forcing him to think           long and intently                 about every sentence ）, and thus enabling him to detect errors      （in reasoning  and in his own observations）.

induction n归纳法   deduction n演绎法   extract  v抽出    in a sort of sense 在某种程度上

You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories.

极其少见的 it做形式宾语  that 从句做真正的宾语  其实有 三个that

表语从句：

系动词的后面有个 引导词  就是表语从句

A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous and helpful most Americans were to them.

consistent adj不断的      consistently adv 不断地      courteous adj 彬彬有礼的

Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.

Women are much too preoccupied by family.Once the marriage begins to disintegrate,they are lost. That is where their unhappiness spring from and that is why most divorced mothers regard themselves as victims.

be preoccupied by       integrate n一体化 v一体化     disintegrate v使分解   spring n春天 弹簧 v涌出   spring from 源自

victim n受害者

4.同位语从句

只要名词的后面有一个引导词 就暂定为 同位语从句 ， 更可能是定语从句哦。

Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.

Whorf             developed            that idea             that 

develop the idea that ... 提出了一个想法     habit n习惯  habitual adj 惯性的 

 

A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadowns of our unconscious desires and fears.

A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears.

form v形成   formulate v制定    revolution  n革命   revolutionary adj 革命性的  disguise v隐藏

 

reporter   interviewer  journalist    n记者     journal n期刊    an ordinary citizen  普通人  establish v建立  establishmen n建立

But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen    rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. 

rest on  == depend on   profound adj深刻的   profoundly adv深刻地         convention n传统     

But the idea that      the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen       rests on       an understanding of  the   established conventions and special responsibilities  of the news media.

 

同位语从句后置

Evidence came up that specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as yong as 6 months old.

汉译英  主动多变被动                   英译汉 被动多变主动

6个月大的婴儿可以识别出具体的声音的证据 出现了

同位语从句后置

Concerns were raised that witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.

verdict n裁决    exaggerate v夸大    witness n目击者     

为了确保有罪的裁决 在法庭上 目击者可能被鼓励去夸大他们的故事 ，这样的担心 出现了