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2023年3月31日发(作者:comodofirewall)
ORACLE静默安装
的安装
1.1.安装准备
建立oracle用户
添加用户组及用户
groupadddba
groupaddoinstall
useraddoracle-goinstall-Gdba
passwdoracle#设置用户oracle的登录密码,根据提示输入两次密
码
1.1.2.在home目录新建Oracle目录权限
cd/home
mkdiroracle
1.1.3.赋执行权限
chown-Roracle:dba/home/oracle
chmod-R755/home/oracle
1.1.4.解压oracle的安装文件
unziplinux.x64_11gR2_database_-d/home/oracle/
unziplinux.x64_11gR2_database_-d/home/oracle/
1.1.5.设置环境变量关闭防火墙
vi/home/oracle/.bash_profile#在最后添加以下代码
exportORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app#oracle数据库安装目录
exportORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
exportORACLE_SID=orcl#oracle启动数据库实例名
exportORACLE_TERM=xterm#xterm窗口模式安装
exportPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH#添加系统
环境变量
exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
#添加系统环境变量
:wq!#保存退出
source/home/oracle/.bash_profile#使设置立刻生效
完成后执行:
$env|grepORA#查看环境变量是否完成
oracle@oracledb~]$env|grepORA
ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app
ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1
#关闭防火墙
serviceiptablesstop
1.1.6.安装依赖包
yum-yinstallgccgcc-c++makebinutilscompat-libstdc++-33elfutils-libelfelfutils-libelf-devel
glibcglibc-commonglibc-devellibaiolibaio-devellibgcclibstdc++libstdc++-develunixODBC
unixODBC-devel
安装完成之后运行:
rpm-qbinutilscompat-libstdc++-33elfutils-libelfelfutils-libelf-develgccgcc-c++glibc
glibc-commonglibc-develglibc-headerskernel-headerskshlibaiolibaio-devellibgcclibgomp
libstdc++libstdc++-develmakenumactl-develsysstat
如遇到isnotinstalled请先yumsearchksh
再执行yuminstallksh.x86_64安装,
有两个文件,如:
先装i686,再x86_64
1.2.开始安装
1.2.1.文件配置
ORACLEZIP文件解压后得到database目录,其中包含response目录,该目录中
有三个rsp文件,用来作为静默安装时的应答文件的模板。
三个文件作用分别是:
db_:安装应答
:创建数据库应答
:建立监听、本地服务名等网络设置的应答
将db_备份一份,在其基础上修改内容,将createdatabase段中内容设置好即可。
修改静默安装的配置文件
grep-Ev"^$|^#"db_
sponseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=omain
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/app/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en
ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app
lEdition=EE
omInstall=false
Components=:11.2.0.1.0,:10.2.7.0
.0,:11.2.0.1.0,:11.2.0.1.0,k:11.2.0.1.0,
er:11.2.0.1.0,:11.2.0.1.0,s:11.2.0.1.0,
itioning:11.2.0.1.0,p:11.2.0.1.0,:11.2.0.1.0,:
11.2.0.1.0,:11.2.0.1.0,:11.2.0.1.0
_GROUP=dba
_GROUP=oinstall
R_NODES=
=GENERAL_PURPOSE
DBName=orcl
=orcl
terSet=AL32UTF8
Option=true
Limit=400
lExampleSchemas=false
SecuritySettings=true
=oracle
=
=
=
=
l=DB_CONTROL
ntrolServiceURL=
EmailNotification=false
ddress=
rver=
=false
=
=
eType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
cation=
ryLocation=
oup=
PPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
1.2.2.开始安装
静默安装启动:
./runInstaller-silent-ignorePrereq-responseFile/home/oracle/database/response/db_
[oracle@oracledbdatabase]$./runInstaller-silent-ignorePrereq-responseFile
/home/oracle/database/response/db_
StartingOracleUniversalInstaller...
CheckingTempspace:165908MBPassed
Checkingswapspace:16383MBPassed
PreparingtolaunchOracleUniversalInstallerfrom
/tmp/OraInstall2015-01-29_wait...[oracle@oracledb
database]$[WARNING][INS-32055]TheCentralInventoryislocatedintheOraclebase.
CAUSE:TheCentralInventoryislocatedintheOraclebase.
ACTION:OraclerecommendsplacingthisCentralInventoryinalocationoutsidethe
Oraclebasedirectory.
[WARNING][INS-13014]Targetenvironmentdonotmeetsomeoptionalrequirements.
CAUSE:sfordetails.
/tmp/OraInstall2015-01-29_03-35-32PM/installActions2015-01-29_
ACTION:Identifythelistoffailedprerequisitechecksfromthelog:
/tmp/OraInstall2015-01-29_03-35-32PM/installActions2015-01-29_
eitherfromthelogfileorfrominstallationmanualfindtheappropriateconfigurationto
meettheprerequisitesandfixitmanually.
[WARNING][INS-32055]TheCentralInventoryislocatedintheOraclebase.
CAUSE:TheCentralInventoryislocatedintheOraclebase.
ACTION:OraclerecommendsplacingthisCentralInventoryinalocationoutsidethe
Oraclebasedirectory.
[WARNING][INS-13014]Targetenvironmentdonotmeetsomeoptionalrequirements.
CAUSE:sfordetails.
/tmp/OraInstall2015-01-29_03-35-32PM/installActions2015-01-29_
ACTION:Identifythelistoffailedprerequisitechecksfromthelog:
/tmp/OraInstall2015-01-29_03-35-32PM/installActions2015-01-29_
eitherfromthelogfileorfrominstallationmanualfindtheappropriateconfigurationto
meettheprerequisitesandfixitmanually.
Youcanfindthelogofthisinstallsessionat:
/opt/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2015-01-29_
Thefollowingconfigurationscriptsneedtobeexecutedasthe"root"user.
#!/bin/sh
#Rootscriptstorun
/opt/app/oracle/oraInventory/
/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/
Toexecutetheconfigurationscripts:
erminalwindow
s"root"
scripts
tothiswindowandhit"Enter"keytocontinue
SuccessfullySetupSoftware.
安装完毕后会提示上述的信息,按照要求执行上述脚本即可
1.2.3.配置监听程序
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca/silent/responseFile/opt/database/response/
[oracle@oracledbbin]$$ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca/silent/responseFile
/opt/database/response/
Parsingcommandlinearguments:
Parameter"silent"=true
Parameter"responsefile"=/opt/database/response/
Doneparsingcommandlinearguments.
OracleNetServicesConfiguration:
Profileconfigurationcomplete.
Listener"LISTENER"alreadyexists.
tcodeis0
1.2.4.启动监听程序
/home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctlstartLISTENER
1.2.5.静默建库
oracle@oracledb]$vi/home/oracle/database/response/
GDBNAME="omain"78行全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名
SID="orcl"//149行SID
CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8"//415行编码
NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8"//425行编码
[oracle@oracledbresponse]$$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca-silent-responseFile
/home/oracle/database/response/
EnterSYSuserpassword:
EnterSYSTEMuserpassword:
sh:/bin/ksh:Nosuchfileordirectory
sh:/bin/ksh:Nosuchfileordirectory
Copyingdatabasefiles
1%complete
3%complete
11%complete
18%complete
26%complete
37%complete
CreatingandstartingOracleinstance
40%complete
45%complete
50%complete
55%complete
56%complete
57%complete
60%complete
62%complete
CompletingDatabaseCreation
66%complete
70%complete
73%complete
74%complete
85%complete
96%complete
100%complete
Lookatthelogfile"/opt/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ora11g/"forfurtherdetails.
1.2.6.启动数据库
启动数据库
$sqlplus/assysdba//as前有个空格
[oracle@oracledb~]$sqlplus/assysdba
SQL*Plus:Release11.2.0.1.0ProductiononMonFeb1614:26:572015
Copyright(c)1982,2009,htsreserved.
Connectedtoanidleinstance.
SQL>start
SP2-1506:START,@or@@commandhasnoarguments
SQL>startup
ORACLEinstancestarted.
TotalSystemGlobalArea3290345472bytes
FixedSize2217832bytes
VariableSize1795164312bytes
DatabaseBuffers1476395008bytes
RedoBuffers16568320bytes
Databasemounted.
Databaseopened.
SQL>
使用showparameter;或者selecttable_namefromdba_tables看看是否正常
数据库停止命令
SQL>shutdownimmediate
备注:
启动监听:lsnrctlstart
查看监听:lsnrctlstatus
停止监听:lsnrctlstop
启动监听时遇到Thelistenersupportsnoservices
可以在里面添加了下面内容解决
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=orcl)
(SID_NAME=orcl)
)
)
1.2.7.字符集编码问题修改
ORACLE字符集编码修改
可以通过以下固定用法实现:
sql>conn/assysdba;
sql>shutdownimmediate;
databaseclosed.
databasedismounted.
oracleinstanceshutdown.
sql>startupmount;
oracleinstancestarted.
totalsystemglobalarea135337420bytes
fixedsize452044bytes
variablesize109051904bytes
databasebuffers25165824bytes
redobuffers667648bytes
databasemounted.
sql>altersystemenablerestrictedsession;
systemaltered.
sql>altersystemsetjob_queue_processes=0;
systemaltered.
sql>altersystemsetaq_tm_processes=0;
systemaltered.
sql>alterdatabaseopen;
databasealtered.
sql>alterdatabasecharactersetinternal_useAL32UTF8;
sql>shutdownimmediate;
sql>startup;
备注:具体的编码格式根据实际需要修改即可,推荐UTF-8(默认是GBK)。
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