Python之pip：Python语言中的pip包管理工具的简介、安装、使用方法之详细攻略

目录

pip的简介

pip的安装

1、测试pip是否已安装

T1、代码查询

T2、自行查询

2、pip如何在dos内使用

(1)、已安装的pip后，dos内直接使用，则需要自行添加系统环境变量

(2)、如果没有添加系统环境变量时使用pip

3、Linux之Ubuntu系统安装pip3

pip的使用方法

1、pip下载

1.1、pip普通下载库

1.2、超级权限下载或更新库

1.3、 pip批量下载txt文件内的所有库

1.4、pip下载whl文件

2、pip命令集合

3、pip参数解释

4、Anaconda需要用Prompt进行安装库pip

---

pip的简介

        pip 是 Python 包管理工具，该工具提供了对Python 包的查找、下载、安装、卸载的功能。目前如果你在 python 下载最新版本的安装包，则是已经自带了该工具。 Python 3.4+ 以上版本都自带 pip 工具。pip这个工具，可以很方便的线上安装依赖库，并且，pip还有很多参数都可以帮我们去查询一些库信息。
        pip 是python的包管理工具，类似 easy_install，但用的更广泛一些。

pip官网：pip · PyPI

pip的安装

相关文章：Installation - pip documentation v22.2.2

当前python的IDE，一般都自带pip

1、测试pip是否已安装

T1、代码查询

先输入pip，检查当前系统是否已安装pip

pip

T2、自行查询

可以自行可查看是否自带pip，在python\scripts路径中是否有pip即可。

2、pip如何在dos内使用

pip不是在python解释器中运行，而是在windows的dos命令行下运行，pip在Python\Scripts目录下。

(1)、已安装的pip后，dos内直接使用，则需要自行添加系统环境变量

打开系统属性→高级→环境变量→双击Path→新建E:\Program Files\Python\Python36\Scripts;  
然后一路确定即可！

(2)、如果没有添加系统环境变量时使用pip

T1、先打开cmd命令，cd到该目录，
T2、先定位E:\Program Files\Python\Python36\Scripts路径内，在文件目录窗口，全选，输入cmd，回车即可！
然后，输入pip install googlemaps即可！

C:\Users\Administrator>E:

E:\>cd \Program Files\Python\Python36\Scripts

E:\Program Files\Python\Python36\Scripts>

pip install googlemaps

 

3、Linux之Ubuntu系统安装pip3

sudo apt install python3-pip             #第一种方法
sudo apt-get install python-pip         #第二种方法

pip的使用方法

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pip：成功解决pip下载时速度超慢的几种方法

1、pip下载

1.1、pip普通下载库

除了稳定版本之外，还可以找到预发布版本和开发版本。默认情况下，pip只查找稳定版本。

pip install SomePackage
pip install --pre SomePackage

1.2、超级权限下载或更新库

pip install --upgrade scipy --use

1.3、 pip批量下载txt文件内的所有库

pip install -U -r F:/File_Python/Python_example/yolov5-master/requirements.txt

1.4、pip下载whl文件

定位到whl所在的文件夹下，
# cp27代表python2.7

pip install F:\Program Files\MyEclipse 2017 CI\whl_matplotlib\matplotlib-2.1.1-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl

2、pip命令集合

pip list       # 列出已经安装的包
 

Usage:
  pip <command> [options]

Commands:
  install                     Install packages.
  download                    Download packages.
  uninstall                   Uninstall packages.
  freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.
  list                        List installed packages.
  show                        Show information about installed packages.
  check                       Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
  config                      Manage local and global configuration.
  search                      Search PyPI for packages.
  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.
  hash                        Compute hashes of package archives.
  completion                  A helper command used for command completion.
  help                        Show help for commands.

General Options:
  -h, --help                  Show help.
  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
  -V, --version               Show version and exit.
  -q, --quiet                 Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to
                              WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
  --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup,
                              (a)bort).
  --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.
  --cert <path>               Path to alternate CA bundle.
  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the
                              certificate in PEM format.
  --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.
  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
  --disable-pip-version-check
                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for
                              download. Implied with --no-index.
  --no-color                  Suppress colored output

3、pip参数解释

Options

-r, --requirement <file>
Install from the given requirements file. This option can be used multiple times.

-c, --constraint <file>
Constrain versions using the given constraints file. This option can be used multiple times.

--no-deps
Don't install package dependencies.

--pre
Include pre-release and development versions. By default, pip only finds stable versions.

-e, --editable <path/url>
Install a project in editable mode (i.e. setuptools "develop mode") from a local project path or a VCS url.

-t, --target <dir>
Install packages into <dir>. By default this will not replace existing files/folders in <dir>. Use --upgrade to replace existing packages in <dir> with new versions.

--user
Install to the Python user install directory for your platform. Typically ~/.local/, or %APPDATA%Python on Windows. (See the Python documentation for site.USER_BASE for full details.)

--root <dir>
Install everything relative to this alternate root directory.

--prefix <dir>
Installation prefix where lib, bin and other top-level folders are placed

-b, --build <dir>
Directory to unpack packages into and build in. Note that an initial build still takes place in a temporary directory. The location of temporary directories can be controlled by setting the TMPDIR environment variable (TEMP on Windows) appropriately. When passed, build directories are not cleaned in case of failures.

--src <dir>
Directory to check out editable projects into. The default in a virtualenv is "<venv path>/src". The default for global installs is "<current dir>/src".

-U, --upgrade
Upgrade all specified packages to the newest available version. The handling of dependencies depends on the upgrade-strategy used.

--upgrade-strategy <upgrade_strategy>
Determines how dependency upgrading should be handled [default: only-if-needed]. "eager" - dependencies are upgraded regardless of whether the currently installed version satisfies the requirements of the upgraded package(s). "only-if-needed" - are upgraded only when they do not satisfy the requirements of the upgraded package(s).

--force-reinstall
Reinstall all packages even if they are already up-to-date.

-I, --ignore-installed
Ignore the installed packages (reinstalling instead).

--ignore-requires-python
Ignore the Requires-Python information.

--no-build-isolation
Disable isolation when building a modern source distribution. Build dependencies specified by PEP 518 must be already installed if this option is used.

--install-option <options>
Extra arguments to be supplied to the setup.py install command (use like --install-option="--install-scripts=/usr/local/bin"). Use multiple --install-option options to pass multiple options to setup.py install. If you are using an option with a directory path, be sure to use absolute path.

--global-option <options>
Extra global options to be supplied to the setup.py call before the install command.

--compile
Compile Python source files to bytecode

--no-compile
Do not compile Python source files to bytecode

--no-warn-script-location
Do not warn when installing scripts outside PATH

--no-warn-conflicts
Do not warn about broken dependencies

--no-binary <format_control>
Do not use binary packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and each time adds to the existing value. Accepts either :all: to disable all binary packages, :none: to empty the set, or one or more package names with commas between them. Note that some packages are tricky to compile and may fail to install when this option is used on them.

--only-binary <format_control>
Do not use source packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and each time adds to the existing value. Accepts either :all: to disable all source packages, :none: to empty the set, or one or more package names with commas between them. Packages without binary distributions will fail to install when this option is used on them.

--no-clean
Don't clean up build directories).

--require-hashes
Require a hash to check each requirement against, for repeatable installs. This option is implied when any package in a requirements file has a --hash option.

--progress-bar <progress_bar>
Specify type of progress to be displayed [on|ascii|off|pretty|emoji] (default: on)


-i, --index-url <url>
Base URL of Python Package Index (default https://pypi/simple). This should point to a repository compliant with PEP 503 (the simple repository API) or a local directory laid out in the same format.

--extra-index-url <url>
Extra URLs of package indexes to use in addition to --index-url. Should follow the same rules as --index-url.

--no-index
Ignore package index (only looking at --find-links URLs instead).

-f, --find-links <url>
If a url or path to an html file, then parse for links to archives. If a local path or file:// url that's a directory, then look for archives in the directory listing.

--process-dependency-links
Enable the processing of dependency links.

4、Anaconda需要用Prompt进行安装库pip

Pip：Python语言下所有python包函数、库函数集合——历史记录
Python语言学习：python常用方法(自带方法)、常见概念详细攻略(解决问题为导向)

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